Keyboard shortcuts help provide an easier and quicker method of navigating and executing commands in the computer software.
Keyboard shortcuts are a group of keys that perform an action instead of the mouse.
There are keyboard shortcuts for software, such as keyboard shortcuts for Word.
There are PDF keyboard shortcuts for e-book reader software, There is a keyboard shortcut program, and there are also shortcuts for almost everything, whether keyboard shortcuts for Windows, or keyboard shortcuts for programs.
If you type extensively in another language, you may prefer to switch to a different keyboard instead.
Note: Due to different keyboard setups, some shortcuts may not be compatible for all users.
Basic keyboard shortcuts
| Description | Windows | Mac OS |
|---|---|---|
| Edit menu | Alt + E | Ctrl + F2 + F |
| File menu | Alt + F | Ctrl + F2 + E |
| View menu | Alt + V | Ctrl + F2 + V |
| Select all text | Ctrl + A | Cmd + A |
| Copy text | Ctrl + C | Cmd + C |
| Find text | Ctrl + F | Cmd + F |
| Find and replace text | Ctrl + H | Cmd + F |
| New Document | Ctrl + N | Cmd + N |
| Open a file | Ctrl + O | Cmd + O |
| Print options | Ctrl + P | Cmd + P |
| Save file | Ctrl + S | Cmd + S |
| Paste text | Ctrl + V | Cmd + V |
| Cut text | Ctrl + X | Cmd + X |
| Redo text | Ctrl + Y | Shift + Cmd + Z |
| Undo text | Ctrl + Z | Cmd + Z |
Keyboard shortcuts for editing text
1. Cursor movement
| Description | Windows | Mac OS |
|---|---|---|
| Go to the right or to the beginning of next line break | Right Arrow | Right Arrow |
| Go to the left or to the end of previous line break | Left Arrow | Left Arrow |
| Go up one row | Up Arrow | Up Arrow |
| Go down one row | Down Arrow | Down Arrow |
| Go to the beginning of the current line | Home | Cmd + Left Arrow |
| Go to the end of the current line | End | Cmd + Right Arrow |
| Go to the beginning of the document | Ctrl + Home | Cmd + Up Arrow |
| Go to the end of the document | Ctrl + End | Cmd + Down Arrow |
| Move up one frame | Page Up | Fn + Up Arrow |
| Move down one frame | Page Down | Fn + Down Arrow |
| Go to beginning of previous word | Ctrl + Left Arrow | Option + Left Arrow |
| Go to beginning of next word | Ctrl + Right Arrow | Option + Right Arrow |
| Go to beginning of line break | Ctrl + Up Arrow | Cmd + Left Arrow |
| Go to end of line break | Ctrl + Down Arrow | Cmd + Right Arrow |
2. Text selection
| Description | Windows | Mac OS |
|---|---|---|
| Select characters to the left | Shift + Left Arrow | Shift + Left Arrow |
| Select characters to the right | Shift + Right Arrow | Shift + Right Arrow |
| Select lines upwards | Shift + Up Arrow | Shift + Up Arrow |
| Select lines downwards | Shift + Down Arrow | Shift + Down Arrow |
| Select words to the left | Shift + Ctrl + Left | Shift + Opt + Left |
| Select words to the right | Shift + Ctrl + Right | Shift + Opt + Right |
| Select paragraphs to the left | Shift + Ctrl + Up | Shift + Opt + Up |
| Select paragraphs to the right | Shift + Ctrl + Down | Shift + Opt + Down |
| Select text between the cursor and the beginning of the current line | Shift + Home | Cmd + Shift + Left Arrow |
| Select text between the cursor and the end of the current line | Shift + End | Cmd + Shift + Right Arrow |
| Select text between the cursor and the beginning of the document | Shift + Ctrl + Home | Cmd + Shift + Up Arrow or Cmd + Shift + Fn + Left Arrow |
| Select text between the cursor and the end of the document | Shift + Ctrl + End | Cmd + Shift + Down Arrow or Cmd + Shift + Fn + Right Arrow |
| Select one frame at a time of text above the cursor | Shift + Page Up | Shift + Fn + Up Arrow |
| Select one frame at a time of text below the cursor | Shift + Page Down | Shift + Fn + Down Arrow |
| Select all text | Ctrl + A | Cmd + A |
| Find text | Ctrl + F | Cmd + F |
3. Text formatting
| Description | Windows | Mac OS |
|---|---|---|
| Make selected text bold | Ctrl + B | Cmd + B |
| Make selected text italic | Ctrl + I | Cmd + I |
| Underline selected text | Ctrl + U | Cmd + U |
| Make selected text superscript | Ctrl + Shift + = | Cmd + Shift + = |
| Make selected text subscript | Ctrl + = | Cmd + = |
4. Text editing
| Description | Windows | Mac OS |
|---|---|---|
| Delete characters to the left | Backspace | Backspace |
| Delete characters to the right | Delete | Fn + Backspace |
| Delete words to the right | Ctrl + Del | Cmd + Backspace |
| Delete words to the left | Ctrl + Backspace | Cmd + Fn + Backspace |
| Indent | Tab | Tab |
| Outdent | Shift + Tab | Shift + Tab |
| Copy text | Ctrl + C | Cmd + C |
| Find and replace text | Ctrl + H | Cmd + F |
| Paste text | Ctrl + V | Cmd + V |
| Cut text | Ctrl + X | Cmd + X |
| Redo text | Ctrl + Y | Shift + Cmd + Z |
| Undo text | Ctrl + Z | Cmd + Z |
Keyboard shortcuts for web browsers
1. Navigation
| Description | Windows | Mac OS |
|---|---|---|
| Scroll down a frame | Space or Page Down | Space or Fn + Down Arrow |
| Scroll up a frame | Shift + Space or Page Up | Shift + Space or Fn + Up Arrow |
| Go to bottom of the page | End | Cmd + Down Arrow |
| Go to top of the page | Home | Cmd + Up Arrow |
| Go back | Alt + Left Arrow or Backspace | Cmd + Left Arrow |
| Go forward | Alt + Right Arrow or Shift + Backspace | Cmd + Right Arrow |
| Refresh a webpage | F5 | Cmd + R |
| Refresh a webpage (no cache) | Ctrl + F5 | Cmd + Shift + R |
| Stop | Esc | Esc |
| Toggle full-screen | F11 | Cmd + Shift + F |
| Zoom in | Ctrl + + | Cmd + + |
| Zoom out | Ctrl + - | Cmd + - |
| Zoom 100% (default) | Ctrl + 0 | Cmd + 0 |
| Open homepage | Alt + Home | Option + Home or Option + Fn + Left Arrow |
| Find text | Ctrl + F | Cmd + F |
2. Tab / Window Management
| Description | Windows | Mac OS |
|---|---|---|
| Open a new tab | Ctrl + T | Cmd + T |
| Close current tab | Ctrl + W | Cmd + W |
| Close all tabs | Ctrl + Shift + W | Cmd + Q |
| Close all tabs except the current tab | Ctrl + Alt + F4 | Cmd + Opt + W |
| Go to next tab | Ctrl + Tab | Control + Tab or Cmd + Shift + Right Arrow |
| Go to previous tab | Ctrl + Shift + Tab | Shift + Control + Tab or Cmd + Shift + Left Arrow |
| Go to a specific tab number | Ctrl + 1-8 | Cmd + 1-8 |
| Go to the last tab | Ctrl + 9 | Cmd + 9 |
| Reopen the last closed tab | Ctrl + Shift + T | Cmd + Shift + T |
| Open a new window | Ctrl + N | Cmd + N |
| Close current window | Alt + F4 | Cmd + W |
| Go to next window | Alt + Tab | Cmd + Tab |
| Go to previous window | Alt + Shift + Tab | Cmd + Shift + Tab |
| Reopen the last closed window | Ctrl + Shift + N | |
| Open links in a new tab in the background | Ctrl + Click | Cmd + Click |
| Open links in a new tab in the foreground | Ctrl + Shift + Click | Cmd + Shift + Click |
| Print current webpage | Ctrl + P | Cmd + P |
| Save current webpage | Ctrl + S | Cmd + S |
3. Address Bar
| Description | Windows | Mac OS |
|---|---|---|
| Cycle between toolbar, search bar, and page elements | Tab | Tab |
| Go to browser's address bar | Ctrl + L or Alt + D | Cmd + L |
| Focus and select the browser's search bar | Ctrl + E | Cmd + E / Cmd + K |
| Open the address bar location in a new tab | Alt + Enter | Opt + Enter |
| Display a list of previously typed addresses | F4 | |
| Add "www." to the beginning and ".com" to the end of the text typed in the address bar (e.g., type "Postsline" and press Ctrl + Enter to open "www.postsline.com") | Ctrl + Enter | Cmd + Enter or Control + Enter |
4. Bookmarks
| Description | Windows | Mac OS |
|---|---|---|
| Open the bookmarks menu | Ctrl + B | Cmd + B |
| Add bookmark for current page | Ctrl + D | Cmd + Opt + B or Cmd + Shift + B |
| Open browsing history | Ctrl + H | Cmd + Shift + H or Cmd + Y |
| Open download history | Ctrl + J | Cmd + J or Cmd + Shift + J |
Keyboard Shortcuts for special characters
| Functionality | Shortcuts |
|---|---|
| à, è, ì, ò, ù, | Ctrl +` (accent grave), the letter |
| á, é, í, ó, ú, | Ctrl +' (apostrophe), the letter |
| â, ê, î, ô, û | Ctrl +Shift+^ (caret), the letter |
| ã, ñ, õ | Ctrl +Shift+~ (tilde), the letter |
| ä, ë, ï, ö, ü, | Ctrl + Shift +: (colon), the letter |
| å, Å | Ctrl + Shift +@, a or A |
| æ, Æ | Ctrl + Shift +&, a or A |
| œ, Œ | Ctrl + Shift +&, o or O |
| ç, Ç | Ctrl +, (Comma), c or C |
| ð, Ð | Ctrl +' (Apostrophe), d or D |
| ø, Ø | Ctrl +/, o or O |
| ¿ | Alt + Ctrl + Shift +? |
| ¡ | Alt + Ctrl + Shift +! |
| ß | Ctrl + Shift +&, s |
| The Unicode character for the specified Unicode (hexadecimal) character code | The character code, Alt +X For example, to insert the euro currency symbol Euro currency symbol  , press 20AC, and then hold down the ALT key and press X. |
| The ANSI character for the specified ANSI (decimal) character code | ALT+the character code (on the numeric keypad) Note: Make sure that NUM LOCK is on before you type the character code. For example, to insert the euro currency symbol, hold down the ALT key and press 0128 on the numeric keypad. |
| ± | Alt+0177 |
| ® | Alt+0174 |
| £ | Alt+0163 |
| ™ | Alt+0153 |
| € | Alt+0128 |
| ¥ | Alt+0165 |
| © | Alt+0169 |
| ¢ | Alt+0162 |
Keyboard Shortcuts for screenshots
| Description | Windows | Mac OS |
|---|---|---|
| Save screenshot of the whole screen as file | Cmd + Shift + 3 | |
| Copy screenshot of the whole screen to the clipboard | PrtScr (Print Screen) or Ctrl + PrtScr | Cmd + Ctrl + Shift + 3 |
| Save screenshot of window as file | Cmd + Shift + 4, then Space | |
| Copy screenshot of window to the clipboard | Alt + PrtScr | Cmd + Ctrl + Shift + 4, then Space |
| Copy screenshot of wanted area to the clipboard | Cmd + Ctrl + Shift + 4 | |
| Save screenshot of wanted area as file | Cmd + Shift + 4 |
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